Choosing the best espresso machine depends on a few key factors, including how much money, time, effort, and space you want to dedicate to espresso. Accordingly, we have a range of recommendations, all priced under $1,000. Our overall favorite remains the Breville Barista Express, a semiautomatic model with a built-in burr grinder and adjustable, user-friendly settings that make it easy to start pulling shots and steaming milk like a pro. If you don’t need a grinder, go for the Breville Bambino Plus, essentially the same machine in compact form. If you’re willing to go down a mostly enjoyable rabbit hole of time and effort to reach your personal espresso nirvana, we suggest the semiautomatic Lelit Anna PL14TEM, which gives you complete control over every step in the process while offering helpful displays that eliminate some guesswork. For a deluxe, mostly hands-off experience that makes multiple types of espresso- and milk-based drinks at the push of a button, we recommend the superautomatic Gaggia Magenta Prestige—no skill or experience required.
- Prefer a fully manual-powered device for making espresso (and espresso-like) drinks? Check out our review of manual espresso and coffee makers.
- Stovetop moka pots produce strong coffee that some compare to espresso. See our review of moka pots for more details.
With a huge array of machines and features available at wildly varying prices, choosing the right espresso machine can be overwhelming. Online forums are notoriously argumentative, leaving no clear path.
Your first step? Think about how you plan to use an espresso machine, including how many and what types of drinks you’d like to be able to produce, and how much money, time, effort, and counter space you want to dedicate. Some machines are very quick, hands-off, and easy, while others take more time and have a learning curve but have the potential to deliver your personal ideal shot of espresso.
What Is Espresso?
Speed is at the heart of espresso, which is a modern invention that became popular after World War II as a way to brew coffee fast. It takes a barista just about 25 to 30 seconds to “pull” a shot of espresso, sending heated water through a small puck of finely ground, tightly packed coffee. With drip coffee, gravity does the work. But with espresso, the water is forced through the coffee using intense pressure, which is measured in a unit called “bars.” The standard for an espresso machine is roughly nine bars of pressure. Inside most espresso machines, a boiler heats the water and a pump creates the pressure to force it through the grounds. The result is a hot, dark, rich, slightly bitter (and slightly sweet) brew topped by a layer of golden-brown froth called crema, the flavorful and aromatic emulsified oils extruded under pressure. To learn more about what sets espresso apart from drip coffee, see this article.
Types of Espresso Machines
When you’re shopping for espresso machines, you'll see them called “manual,” “semiautomatic,” or “superautomatic.” This can be confusing, and worse, sometimes retailers use the names inconsistently or incorrectly.
The definitions are pretty simple if you think of it this way: The names refer to the amount of work the machine does for you. We reviewed manual options separately. We’ve defined all three styles here but focused on semiautomatic and superautomatic for this review.
- Manual: You generate the pressure necessary for brewing using a hand-operated lever. You grind coffee separately, tamp it into the portafilter, and then move the machine’s lever to brew your espresso shot. The process may be either fully human-powered (you heat the water and press the shot) or machine-assisted (the model heats the water for you, but you still press the shot). For milk-based drinks you need a separate milk frother, though some machine-assisted models can generate steam for frothing milk.
A manual machine relies on you to do most of the work to prep and brew the espresso. Our top-rated manual machine is the Cafelat Robot Barista Manual Lever Espresso Maker.
- Semiautomatic: You grind coffee, either with a grinder built into the machine or separately, tamp it, and then start brewing. The machine’s boiler heats water and its pump generates pressure. You stop brewing when you deem that your espresso shot is ready, though some models stop automatically. For milk-based drinks, the machine’s boiler generates steam via a steam wand; some offer automatic frothing. A few of the semiautomatics we tested are considered “prosumer” machines, an industry term combining “professional” and “consumer” to describe models with professional-quality components in machines designed for home users.
A semiautomatic espresso machine has you do some of the work, including grinding and tamping the portafilter of coffee and putting it on the machine to brew, but takes over when brewing the shot.
- Superautomatic or Fully Automatic: These machines do it all for you. You add water and beans. After you select a beverage from a menu, the machine grinds and tamps the coffee and brews your espresso shot, then disposes of the puck of used grounds into an interior bin, which you periodically empty. (Capsule or “pod” machines such as Nespresso work this way but substitute a capsule of preground coffee for the beans.) All the choices are preprogrammed, though you can make some minor tweaks to the strength or size of the beverage. Some have wands on the side for you to steam the milk; others automatically steam the milk and build the beverage you selected.
A fully automatic or “superautomatic” machine does all the work for you. It brews espresso and makes coffee drinks at the push of a button.
Here are some essential terms you’ll find around the espresso world and what they mean.
- Tamper: A device to press coffee grounds into the brew basket to make a level, compact puck of coffee for the espresso machine to push water through. Level, firm tamping helps the water pass through the coffee more evenly and thoroughly for better results.
- Portafilter: The metal cup with a handle that holds the filter basket of coffee grounds when brewing.
- Grouphead: The part of the espresso machine where the boiler dispenses hot water into the portafilter holding the coffee. It includes a locking system for the portafilter, a gasket to maintain pressure, and a screen to disperse water evenly over the coffee.
- Preinfusion: Moistening coffee grounds for a few seconds with unpressurized hot water before dispensing the brew water under pressure is called preinfusion. This helps water flow more evenly throughout the puck for better flavor extraction. Some machines do this automatically.
- PID: A temperature-control device found on some espresso machines, which helps the machine maintain desired water temperatures for brewing espresso and steaming milk. PID stands for “Proportional-Integral-Derivative,” describing the controlled feedback loop it uses to monitor and adjust temperature. Without PID, some machines’ temperatures vary widely, veering too hot and then too cool and taking more time to return to the desired range.
- Boiler: A device for heating the water in an espresso machine. More expensive machines typically have dual boilers, one heating water for making espresso and the other for steaming milk, since these require different temperatures. With single-boiler machines you must wait for up to a few minutes between pulling a shot and steaming milk for the boiler to reach the right temperature (usually indicated by a “ready” light). Dual boilers eliminate this wait. None of the machines we tested, which were priced under $1,000, had dual boilers.
- Thermoblock/Thermocoil/Thermojet: Instead of a traditional boiler, some espresso machines use thermoblock devices that heat water very quickly as it passes through a tube embedded in a heated block of metal. They can heat water much faster, on demand, than traditional boilers, which operate more like electric kettles and heat all the water at once and hold it in readiness.
- Single/Double Shot: A single shot of espresso uses about 7 grams of ground coffee and produces about 14 grams (by weight) of liquid espresso. Since that is a pretty tiny amount, these days the industry standard is a double shot, which uses about 18 grams of ground coffee to produce about 36 grams of liquid espresso by weight.
- Lungo: An espresso shot brewed with roughly twice the usual amount of water, which makes it a larger and weaker drink.
- Americano: A coffee drink made by adding hot water to brewed espresso to dilute it to the consistency of drip coffee.
Should You Buy an Espresso Machine with a Built-In Grinder?
This is one of the major decisions and there are pros and cons to consider. The grinder is a key part of making great espresso and is just as important as the choice of espresso maker, experts say. The smallest adjustments in coffee grind size can make an outsize difference to the flavor and body of your espresso. Whether you choose a machine with a built-in grinder depends on how much you want to be able to customize your espresso—and how much you want to spend.
When you purchase an espresso machine without a grinder, you’ll need a few hundred dollars more to buy a high-quality burr grinder and a precision scale to portion coffee for each espresso shot, if you want to be able to really dial in your espresso.
Some espresso machines have built-in grinders (left), while others require a separate grinder (right).
When you choose a model with a built-in grinder, you get all-in-one convenience. You won’t need a scale because the machine portions the ground coffee for you (some models let you make minor adjustments to the amount of coffee). You won’t need a separate grinder, saving space and possibly money. However, built-ins in our lineup had fewer grind settings than a quality standalone grinder, which has anywhere from 20 to over 100 espresso-specific settings. Built-in grinders in our testing had as few as five grind settings. The good news? Our overall favorite built-in had an ample 16 settings, just four fewer than the espresso settings on our top-ranked standalone grinder.
What to Look for
- Straightforward Controls and Gauges: The best espresso machines had clear, simple controls that were intuitive to operate, along with indicator lights, gauges, and other features to help guide users through pulling a shot.
- Speed: Some machines heat up and are ready to brew sooner than others. Our lineup ranged from those that were instantly ready to models that took more than 3½ minutes just to heat water (not counting your time setting up and cleaning up after pulling a shot). We’ve noted in the chart how quickly each machine is ready to perform. These time differences were due to each model’s method of heating water and its interior materials. Speed isn’t everything, though: We noted that some machines were ready fast but didn’t produce exceptional espresso. Others took more time but produced better espresso. Our top picks made excellent espresso in a reasonably short time frame.
Some machines took several minutes to heat water for brewing espresso, while others were ready to pull a shot in seconds.
- Adjustability: As we repeatedly brewed espresso with each model, we tasted to evaluate the drink’s flavor and body. We also tested to confirm whether each machine could be adjusted to reach quality espresso extraction. We used a coffee refractometer, a device used by professionals to measure the amount of coffee particles dissolved in the water, or Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The desired range is 8 to 12 percent TDS for quality espresso extraction, said Peter Giuliano, chief research officer for the Specialty Coffee Association and executive director of the Coffee Science Foundation. All but one model in our testing could be adjusted to make espresso in the ideal TDS range.
- Ample Grinder Settings: Small adjustments in grind size can make or break the espresso’s quality. For machines with built-in grinders, we preferred those whose number of available grind settings for espresso approximated those you can get in a dedicated high-quality burr grinder. Our favorite has 16 espresso settings, very close to the 20 in our top-rated burr grinder. (See “Should You Buy an Espresso Machine with a Built-In Grinder?” above.)
Our top-rated overall favorite espresso machine, the Breville Barista Express (left), has 16 espresso grind settings in its built-in grinder, almost as many as our winning standalone grinder. Other models with grinders (right) had only five settings.
- User-Friendly Details: We found design details that made some models more pleasant to use. These included water tanks that were easy to fill and monitor, deep drip trays that corralled plenty of water and could be emptied without spilling, and more-maneuverable steam wands that slid into vessels without a struggle. We also liked big heatproof handles on the wands, which get very hot.
A deep, spacious drip tray that was easy to remove and empty (left) made routine cleanup easier than models with shallow, awkward drip trays (right) that often spilled as we sought to empty them.
- Good Fit and Finish: We appreciated machines with well-built parts that fit and moved in a satisfying way, but this was especially important with the fit of the portafilter in the grouphead, which should slide snugly into place without force. It needs to be tight enough to contain brewing pressure, but you shouldn’t have to be Hercules to move it. We also liked filter baskets that popped into the portafilter securely but didn’t need a tool to pry them back out after brewing.
Nice to Have
- Automatic Frothing: Learning how to steam milk (and even do latte art) for espresso drinks is not difficult, but it’s nice to have the option to let the machine handle basic frothing hands-free. (Too bad none could automatically make latte art!) A few models included automatic frothing, and they worked well, getting the milk to just the right temperature, volume, and texture.
Methods for foaming milk differed between models, including automatic frothing (above), which we found easy and convenient.
- Milk-Frothing Pitcher: A milk-frothing pitcher’s shape, handle, and pour spout make the task easier, but many models didn’t include a pitcher.
What to Avoid
- More Machine Than You Need: Choose the type of machine that realistically reflects the effort and time you’re willing and able to spend on espresso making.
- Overly Minimalistic Controls: Too-pared-down control panels that often force users back to the manual to interpret flashing lights and symbols make the learning curve unnecessarily steep. Typically the same machines’ bare-bones manuals and websites offer little help. For too long it has been the norm for buyers to struggle solo when learning how to use their espresso machines.
- Slow Heating: If you expect to be time-pressed when making espresso, pay attention to the “ready time” we’ve listed for each machine to be ready to pull a shot. Some took several minutes to warm up. (Also consider how many time-consuming routine tasks you’ll need to perform with many semiautomatic machines, such as weighing and grinding beans, tamping and installing the portafilter, and cleaning up afterward.) If you’re making a latte or other milk drink, you also have to be patient as the boiler climbs to a higher temperature to steam milk after pulling the espresso shot, which can take upward of another minute or two. Machines in our testing use a single mechanism to heat water for espresso and to steam milk, which happen at different temperatures. This mechanism might be a boiler that heats a water tank or a heating element called a thermoblock, which provides hot water on demand as a water tube passes through a heated metal block. While you can buy dual-boiler machines with dedicated boilers for each task to eliminate this waiting time, it adds many hundreds if not thousands of dollars to the price, which is why we don’t have any in our lineup.
Minor Flaws
- Plastic Tampers: Some pricey machines came with lightweight plastic tampers, which worked acceptably, though we preferred the assistance of heavier metal versions. You can buy a metal tamper, but double-check the size first because it must fit your portafilter exactly.
- Too-Tight Portafilters: Portafilters that were incredibly tight when we put them on and took them off the groupheads forced us to brace against the machine and heave. While portafilters do need to be snug to contain the pressure of espresso brewing, they should arrive fitting properly. We were told they’d loosen up with use, but some didn’t even after a few months of testing.
The Tests
- Evaluate how easy it is to use each machine, including setup, handling, pulling espresso shots, and steaming milk
- Measure “ready time” for each machine: how long it takes for each machine to be ready to brew a shot after it’s first switched on
- Brew and taste at least 25 shots of espresso from each machine, dialing in the best ratio of coffee to water and grind size
- Measure Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of espresso shots from each machine, looking for target of 8–12% TDS
- Evaluate customization options for each machine
- Brew espresso, steam milk, and taste lattes from machines that can steam milk
- Perform and evaluate everyday cleaning after each use
- Ask users unfamiliar with the machines to brew espresso, steam milk, and rate ease of use
How We Rated
- Coffee Quality: We rated machines on the flavor and body of the drinks they produced.
- Ease of Use: We evaluated the effort required to produce espresso drinks using the machines.
- Cleanup: We considered how easy it was to clean and maintain the machines after each use.